Inner Construction and Inside Working of Fuel Injector
As the name implies, it is used to inject the liquid into the combustion chamber of the engine. It is the most idle and vital components of the automobile engine. It is located on the engine block and used to convert the fuel particles into very fine spray. Fine particles evaporate more quickly during the vaporization. This will helpful for engine to combust the mixture more quickly and more completely.
In combustion chamber, inlet and outlet valve opens due to the movement of the camshaft. This movement causes the piston to move and up and down. Up and down movement of piston causes crankshaft rotates. It is used to inject small quantity of gasoline inside the combustion chamber.
Now, if we look at the inner construction of it, then it is actually composed of many small but vital parts like plunger, follower, gear, check valve, spring, needle valve, tip, control rack and body.
In construction, follower is connected to the rocker arm.
Follower spring is used to give the forward and backward motion to the follower. Again, follower is connected to the plunger. Plunger is used to store the fuel for the next phase. When rocker arm forced the plunger, it goes to the downward, opening the lower port. Fuel from the plunger, moves downward and reach to the supply chamber. From this chamber, again, it is forced through small orifices in the spray tip and atomizes and vaporizes into the combustion chamber. Air that goes to the combustion chamber, from the engine intake manifold, is controlled with the help of check valve. After the completion of first stroke, it returns to its original position, with the help of return spring.
Plunger inside the injector can be used to transmit both rotary motion as well as reciprocating motion. Reciprocating motion of the plunger is used to open the lower point where as the rotating motion of the plunger is used to metering the quantity. Gear is used to impart the rotating motion to the plunger that measures the total amount inside the injector.
For spraying the fuel into the combustion chamber, injector opens from about 2-10 milliseconds.
Proper design and proper locations increases the overall efficiency of the vehicle. They are used to convert particles into very fine sprays so that the vaporization process of fuel gets speeds up during the combustion. This increases performance, power output, torque, reducing economy loss, reducing emission and also increases overall efficiency.